These advanced steps are primarily for system administrators and others who are familiar with the command line. You don't need a bootable installer to upgrade macOS or reinstall macOS, but it can be useful when you want to install on multiple computers without downloading the installer each time.
May 10, 2020 Steps To Install Alacritty Open Spotlight search using “ command + space ” button and type “ Terminal “. Then press “ return/enter ” key. This will open terminal. Apple's Terminal app on the Mac is a great tool for diving into the command line, but it isn't the only option available. The Mac Observer rounded up several alternatives to Terminal you can use. Chocolatey is software management automation for Windows that wraps installers, executables, zips, and scripts into compiled packages. Chocolatey integrates w/SCCM, Puppet, Chef, etc. Chocolatey is trusted by businesses to manage software deployments.
Download macOS
Find the appropriate download link in the upgrade instructions for each macOS version:
macOS Catalina, macOS Mojave, ormacOS High Sierra
Installers for each of these macOS versions download directly to your Applications folder as an app named Install macOS Catalina, Install macOS Mojave, or Install macOS High Sierra. If the installer opens after downloading, quit it without continuing installation. Important: To get the correct installer, download from a Mac that is using macOS Sierra 10.12.5 or later, or El Capitan 10.11.6. Enterprise administrators, please download from Apple, not a locally hosted software-update server.
Installers for each of these macOS versions download directly to your Applications folder as an app named Install macOS Catalina, Install macOS Mojave, or Install macOS High Sierra. If the installer opens after downloading, quit it without continuing installation. Important: To get the correct installer, download from a Mac that is using macOS Sierra 10.12.5 or later, or El Capitan 10.11.6. Enterprise administrators, please download from Apple, not a locally hosted software-update server.
OS X El Capitan
El Capitan downloads as a disk image. On a Mac that is compatible with El Capitan, open the disk image and run the installer within, named InstallMacOSX.pkg. It installs an app named Install OS X El Capitan into your Applications folder. You will create the bootable installer from this app, not from the disk image or .pkg installer.
El Capitan downloads as a disk image. On a Mac that is compatible with El Capitan, open the disk image and run the installer within, named InstallMacOSX.pkg. It installs an app named Install OS X El Capitan into your Applications folder. You will create the bootable installer from this app, not from the disk image or .pkg installer.
Use the 'createinstallmedia' command in Terminal
- Connect the USB flash drive or other volume that you're using for the bootable installer. Make sure that it has at least 12GB of available storage and is formatted as Mac OS Extended.
- Open Terminal, which is in the Utilities folder of your Applications folder.
- Type or paste one of the following commands in Terminal. These assume that the installer is still in your Applications folder, and MyVolume is the name of the USB flash drive or other volume you're using. If it has a different name, replace
MyVolume
in these commands with the name of your volume.
Catalina:*
Mojave:*
High Sierra:*
El Capitan: - Press Return after typing the command.
- When prompted, type your administrator password and press Return again. Terminal doesn't show any characters as you type your password.
- When prompted, type
Y
to confirm that you want to erase the volume, then press Return. Terminal shows the progress as the bootable installer is created. - When Terminal says that it's done, the volume will have the same name as the installer you downloaded, such as Install macOS Catalina. You can now quit Terminal and eject the volume.
* If your Mac is using macOS Sierra or earlier, include the
--applicationpath
argument, similar to the way this argument is used in the command for El Capitan.Use the bootable installer
After creating the bootable installer, follow these steps to use it:
- Plug the bootable installer into a compatible Mac.
- Use Startup Manager or Startup Disk preferences to select the bootable installer as the startup disk, then start up from it. Your Mac will start up to macOS Recovery.
Learn about selecting a startup disk, including what to do if your Mac doesn't start up from it. - Choose your language, if prompted.
- A bootable installer doesn't download macOS from the Internet, but it does require the Internet to get information specific to your Mac model, such as firmware updates. If you need to connect to a Wi-Fi network, use the Wi-Fi menu in the menu bar.
- Select Install macOS (or Install OS X) from the Utilities window, then click Continue and follow the onscreen instructions.
Learn more
For more information about the
createinstallmedia
command and the arguments that you can use with it, make sure that the macOS installer is in your Applications folder, then enter this path in Terminal:Catalina:
Mojave:
High Sierra:
El Capitan:
February 5, 2018I’m a huge Vim fan and using it since 2002 (the year I’ve started to learnLinux and how to compile Gentoo kernel). It’s a fundamental part of my life.But lately, I’m very sad about the performance on macOS terminals (iTerm2 andTerminal.app). On Linux, vim is literally flying, but on macOS, Vim renderingis very slow and lagging.
This wasn’t always the case though. Some of the older version of iTerm2’srendering was fast. I know it was fast. But with each macOS update and iTerm2update, it would either get fast or slow. Some versions work decent, some don’t.And I didn’t want to stuck with an older version as well, as the newer versionof iTerm2 always has a lot of bug fixes.
After upgrading to a new machine (iMac Pro), I thought it would be much fasternow that I have a beast under me. But nope :) Things don’t work like that. Thiswas really frustrating. Upon some research, I’ve found my answer.
GPU accelerated terminal
I’m not alone. There are also other people who are not happy with current stateof emulators. Joe Wilm decided to change it and started theproject “Alacritty”.
Alacritty, is a cross-platform, GPUaccelerated terminal emulator written in Rust. It is focused on simplicity andperformance and therefore it’s very opinionated, but at the same time also veryambitious. Time will tell how Alacritty will end up, but I see already that ithas a lot of fans. What makes Alacritty so different from others?
Obviously, GPU accelerated rendering is the biggest selling point (usingOpenGL). However, it’s very opinionated as well:
- It aims to be the fastest terminal emulator available everywhere. This isdone mainly by using custom written, fast parsers in Rust with advancedtechniques (such as table-driven parsing and using zero-cost abstractions inRust)
- Simplicity is one of the core values of Alacritty. This means there is no GUIto change the configuration, no pane/window handling (no tabs orvertical/horizontal splits), no scrollback, etc.. The list goes on. Instead,one has to use something like Tmux to include all these features. Thissurprisingly works really good. However, there is an open PR that implementsscrollback, so things canchange regarding the focus towards simplicity.
- Appearance is another important part of Alacritty. One difference I could seeis that with my new iMac Pro, the display supports the P3 color gamut. iTerm2uses sRGB, whereas Alacritty uses the system color profile. The colors aremuch more vibrant in Alacritty.
- Alacritty is cross-platform. It aims a support for Linux, macOS, and Windows.
The author wrote a blog post that goes over these in more detail. Worth readingit: Announcing Alacritty
Install Alacritty
There are no binaries to install, from the author’s words:
Precompiled binaries will eventually be made available on supportedplatforms. This is minimally blocked in a stable config format. For now,Alacritty must be built from source.
So how do you build from the source? This is all written in theREADME.mdfile. I didn’t find the README.md very useful as the steps for macOS is allover the place. Here is a recap for you:
First, you need
Rust
to compile and build Alacritty. The easiest way toinstall rust is to to use the official toolchain installerrustup.rs. Execute the following line to install rust:(note: Kudos to the Rust team to great an easy to install experience for rusttoolchain, but I have to say that Go’s native macOS dmg installer feels moresecure)
All rust related binaries will be installed to
.cargo/bin
. Make sure to addit to your PATH:Finally, make sure you have the right Rust compiler installed:
And then git clone Alacritty and start compiling the macOS app:
Once this is finished, you’ll get a ready to use
Alacritty.app
file. Copy itto /Applications
and you’re done!:![Install Alacritty For Macos Install Alacritty For Macos](/uploads/1/2/6/5/126573726/827472040.jpg)
But, don’t start Alacritty yet. There are couples of configuration steps worthtalking. Let’s do them.
Configure Alacritty
There is a ready to use configuration file in Alacritty for macOS. Copy it tothe configuration folder of Alacritty (be sure to be inside the git repo):
Now when you start Alacritty, it should start with this base configuration.We’re not finished yet as I’ve customized it a little bit for my need. What arethese?
First I’m using the
SF Mono
fonts:I don’t like pure black background because it hurt my eyes. I, therefore, use aslightly less muted background. I also like a red cursor block:
I don’t want to see my cursor when I use the terminal, so I disable showing thecursor it with:
My shell is set to zsh. We have to tell Alacritty explicitly which shell weuse:
Lastly, I don’t use
cmd+w
to close a window (we’re going to use it forsomething else). Therefore I deleted the following line from key_bindings
:Those are the main parts in my configuration. I’m still discovering new thingsand updating my
alacritty.yml
file from time to time. Be sure to follow mydotfiles repo to see the latest changes:https://github.com/fatih/dotfiles/blob/master/alacritty.ymlWe’re still not finished though. The
key_bindings
field is interesting thatit allows us to capture any shortcut and execute certain commands. We can evenwrite escape sequences for certain shortcuts. This is very powerful because itallows us to customize Alacritty even further if used with tmux
.Make Alacritty feel like iTerm2
I like iTerm2 and using heavily the split/verticalpanes, tabs, resizing the panes etc.. features of it. It’s heavily customizedfor my needs. As I said, Alacritty doesn’t support any of the bells andwhistles. But it can be configured to send escape sequences (in hex code) foryour custom shortcuts.
Before we dive into this, note that I use tmuxfor managing my views.
tmux
is very powerful, so you can do a lot of thingswith it. You can see my tmux configuration file in my dotfiles repo:tmux.confAll terminal multiplexers/applications have their own terminology. In
tmux
this is:- session: a collection of terminals that
tmux
handles. Each session has one more window - windows: a window occupies the entire screen. It can be split into rectangular panes
- panes: the smallest unit in a window. One or multiple panes
This is kinda the same in iTerm2, except
windows
is called tabs
. I’m usingtabs and panes heavily in iTerm2 with shortcuts (no mouse is used), such as :- create/close a new tab
- create vertical and horizontal pane
- increase/decrease size of panes
- jump between tabs directly
- move between panes easily
I can do all these actions with
tmux
as well. But not with the same shortcuts.For example, if I want to open a new vertical pane, I have to type the following:This means, you first press
ctrl
and f
together, and then press v
. Forhorizontal split, I use the following:Same, for the steps above I have to use these shortcuts in tmux (I’ve manuallychanged some of them to my own liking):
- create a tab:
ctrl-f c
- close a tab:
ctrl-f &
- close a pane:
ctrl-f x
(this also closes the tab if there is a single pane) - create vertical pane:
ctrl-f v
- create horizontal pane:
ctrl-f s
- move between panes:
ctrl-f h
,ctrl-f j
,ctrl-f k
andctrl-f l
- resize panes:
ctrl-f H
,ctrl-f J
,ctrl-f K
andctrl-f L
- jump to specific tab:
ctrl-f <number>
, i.e:ctrl-f 3
However, I use a completely different shortcut set under iTerm2:
- create a tab:
cmd + t
- close a tab:
cmd + w
- close a pane:
cmd + w
- create vertical pane:
cmd + d
- create horizontal pane:
cmd + shift + d
- move between panes:
cmd + h
,cmd + j
,cmd + k
andcmd + l
- resize panes:
cmd + left
,cmd + right
,cmd + up
andcmd + down
- jump to specific tab:
cmd + <number>
, i.e:cmd + 3
Install Alacrity For Macos Windows 7
Now the question boils down how to use these shortcuts in tmux? As I said,Alacritty can be configured to send escape sequences (in hexcode) for yourcustom shortcuts.
So, for example, you can send a hex code that represents the key combination
ctrl-f v
which in my case opens a vertical pane. The hex code for thiscombination is: 0x06 0x76
. There are many ways to find out how to obtain these hex codes. One of themis the tool xxd. xxd
is a tool that creates a hex dump of a given fileor standard input. This is very useful because escape sequences we set inAlacritty needs to be presented in hex codes.From your terminal, if you run
xxd -psd
and press ctrl-f v
and then enter andfinally ctrl-c
to exit, it outputs the following:What matters is the sequence
06760a^C
. Let’s split it every two characters:From here, we know that
0x06 0x76
corresponds to ctrl-f v
. This is the mostimportant part. Once we have this, we can now tell Alacritty to use this escapesequence code. Remember that I use cmd + d
to open a vertical pane, now we’regoing to tell Alacritty to invoke the above escape sequence whenever we usecmd + d
inside Alacritty:To do this, we need to add a line to
key_bindings
field in alacritty.yml
:That’s it! Now whenever you press
cmd + d
inside Alacritty, this willautomatically be transformed into the escape sequence x06x76
which then opensa vertical tab in tmux
.Once you have this done, we need to add all other shortcuts as well. This isthe only time-consuming part because you have to call
xxd
for each tmuxshortcut to obtain the hex code. Let me know if you know if there is an easierway to do it (maybe an ASCII table?)The followings are the ones that I’m using:
Finally here is my full configuration I use for Alacritty in my dotfiles repoif you’re interested:alacritty.yml
Install Alacritty For Macos Pc
Final words
I’m using now Alacritty for a while and I really like it. I still need to getused to the combination of using tmux with Alacritty. There are couples ofrandom things that I have to mention though:
- Copy/paste is still a hassle for me. Selecting with mouse is possible, but Ihave to press
y
before I release my selection with mouse. This is reallyawkward. Because of that, I’m using more and more thevim-copy
mode intmux. This allows me to copy the text without using the mouse. It’s not thebest for me right now, but let’s see if this is something I can live with. - If you resize Alacritty (say with mouse), the content disappears until theresizing is finished. This is a known bug(https://github.com/jwilm/alacritty/issues/869) and the fix is to disabletransparency if you use
High Sierra
. There is no setting in theconfiguration, so I’ve recompiled Alacritty by disabling transparencyinsrc/windows.rs
:
- There is another weird bug that only happens when I focus on Alacritty byclicking with the mouse. In this case, the statusline of Vim suddenly jumpsto the middle of the screen. When this happens there is no way I can fix itfrom the keyboard. I’ll update the blog post when I find a solution for this.
- Alacritty is a fairly new project compared to other terminal applications. Ithas a lot of edge cases, so don’t seek short-term stability for now
- I can click on any URL with mouse in iTerm2 (with alt key) and it would open it in abrowser. This is not possible with tmux+alacritty. However, there is a pluginin tmux that enables this with keyboard shortcut: https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tmux-open
- The author of iTerm2 started to implement GPU-based renderer as well andit’s merged to master. This means you can download the nightly iTerm2 andhave the same speed benefits. Here is how you can do it:https://gitlab.com/gnachman/iterm2/wikis/Metal-Renderer#how-to-test-it
- Alacritty looks beautiful on my iMac Pro’s display because it uses the System(P3) color profile. iTerm2 doesn’t do this, therefore the colors look dulland are not vibrant as Alacritty. There is an openissue and the author ofiTerm2 aims to fix it.
I’m going to use Alacritty for a foreseeable future, however, I’m not closingthe doors to iTerm2 either. With time I’ll see if I can live with Alacritty ornot.
Finally, I want to thank Cihangir Savaşand for his much valuable feedback and suggestions.
Install Alacritty For Macos Windows 10
If you have any questions or feedback, please feel free to share it with me on Twitter: @fatih